Wednesday, August 22, 2012

indian tax schedule

Income tax slab 2012-2013

March 16, 2012 by financeminister

Tax exemption limit raised to Rs 2 lakhs and tax rates has changed for other slabs too.
Find the latest income tax slab for Year 2012-2013 based on the budget presented on 16 March 2012.
Use our Free income tax calculator for getting an idea of how much tax you will be saving compared to last year per the latest tax rates.

India Income tax slabs 2012-2013 for General tax payers

Income tax slab (in Rs.)Tax
0 to 2,00,000No tax
2,00,001 to 5,00,00010%
5,00,001 to 10,00,00020%
Above 10,00,00030%

India Income tax slabs 2012-2013 for Female tax payers

Income tax slab (in Rs.)Tax
0 to 2,00,000No tax
2,00,001 to 5,00,00010%
5,00,001 to 10,00,00020%
Above 10,00,00030%

India Income tax slabs 2012-2013 for Senior citizens (Aged 60 years but less than 80 years)

Income tax slab (in Rs.)Tax
0 to 2,50,000No tax
2,50,001 to 5,00,00010%
5,00,001 to 10,00,00020%
Above 10,00,00030%

India Income tax slabs 2012-2013 for very senior citizens (Aged 80 and above)

Income tax slab (in Rs.)Tax
0 to 5,00,000No tax
5,00,001 to 10,00,00020%
Above 10,00,00030%
The income tax slab for year 2011-2012 can be found here - Income tax slabs

Magazine Advertising

Magazines published in the latter half of the nineteenth century were targeted towards special interest audiences and carried very little advertising. Most magazines of this time were either literary, or religious in content. Before the advent of radio, magazines were an important advertising medium for many businesses.
Magazines are considered as the most specialized of all the advertising media. The magazine industry has often been described as “survival of the discriminating.” The number of magazines has increased steadily to serve the educational, informational, entertainment and other specialized needs of consumers, business and industry.
Availability of a wide variety of magazines makes them quite an appealing medium to a very large number of advertisers. Magazine advertising is equally popular among large and small companies. Their higl1 interest readers are usually willing to pay a premium for the magazines.
As pointed out earlier, the role of magazines is different in the media plan of an advertiser. Magazines allow the presentation of detailed ad messages along with beautiful reproduction of photographs, graphics and colors. Magazines are comparatively a more high-involvement form of print medium than newspapers, as they are read in a leisurely manner and are not dumped or thrown after reading as happens in case of newspapers.
Magazines can be classified in various ways but the most important classification can be in terms of their editorial appeal or the type of readership they attract.

Finance articles

Price to Earnings Ratio

The most popular ratio used to assess the value of the equity is the company’s price equity ratio abbreviated as P/E ratio. It is calculated as the ratio of the firm’s current stock price divided by the earnings per share (EPS). The inverse of the P/E ratio is referred to as the earnings yield. Clearly the price earning and the earnings yield are required to measure the same thing.  In practice earnings yield less commonly stated and used than P/E ratios.
P/E Ratio=  Market Value per Share/ Earnings per Share (EPS)


Factors that Influence a Company’s P/E Ratio

The P/E ratio used in the business valuation is influenced by the following factors:
  1. P/E ratios for a group of companies tend to change little from one period to the next. Therefore an investor cannot expect a dramatic change in the future P/E ratios. The future level of the P/E ratio can be viewed as the function of the current P/E ratios or the average P/E ratio over the same period of time.
  2. The P/E ratio is a function of future expected earnings the higher the growth rate of earnings the higher will be the P/E ratio. An investor will be willing to pay a higher price forth-current earnings if the earnings are expected to grow at a much higher rate.
  3. A normal P/E ratio for the market is difficult to determine. A normal P/E ratio is established for each company but it can be compared to the market P/E to give some idea of risk. The higher the P/E ratio the higher is the risk. This is true inspite of the fact that the investors are ready to pay more.
  4. Inflationary conditions tend to reduce the P/E ratios.
  5. Higher interest rates tend to reduce the P/E ratios.
  6. The level of P/E ratio is not an absolute one but a relative one.
  7. Speculative companies and cyclical companies tend to have a lower P/E
  8. Growth companies tend to have a higher P/E
  9. Companies with larger portion of debt tend to have a lower P/E
  10. A company that tends to pay a higher dividend tend to have a higher P/E
  11. P/E ratios can change radically and suddenly because of change in the expected growth rate of earnings. Therefore the greater the expected stability of the growth rates the higher the P/E ratio.
  12. An investor should examine the trend of the P/E ratio over time for each company.
  13. P/E ratios vary by the industry.